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The Base Wage Rate refers to the minimum fixed compensation an employee receives for performing specific job responsibilities. It does not include bonuses, benefits, commissions or other forms of additional compensation. This rate is typically determined by the skills, experience and responsibilities required for the position.

Before-tax deduction refers to any costs that are taken out of an individual's paycheck before the income tax is deducted. This lowers the taxable income, meaning that the person will pay less in income tax. Such deductions can include contributions to health plans, retirement savings, or certain transportation costs.

A Contractor is an individual or company that is hired to perform specific tasks or provide services within a given period under a contractual agreement. Unlike regular employees, contractors are not part of the company’s staff and do not receive benefits or employee rights. They are often hired for specialized jobs for a limited time or for specific projects.

Full-Time Hours refer to the conventionally accepted amount of hours an employee is expected to work in a week in a full-time job. Depending on the country and/or industry, this typically ranges between 35 to 40 hours per week. Full-time employment often comes with benefits like health insurance, paid vacation and sick days, which may not be available to part-time or contract workers.

An independent contractor is a person or entity engaged in a work performance agreement with another entity as a non-employee. They provide goods or services according to the terms of a contract they have negotiated, are paid a flat fee for the job, and are responsible for paying their own taxes. Independent contractors have more control over how they complete their work but receive fewer protections and benefits than employees.

Payroll Deduction is a term that refers to any amount deducted from employee's earning by the employer. It can include taxes, insurance premiums, retirement contributions, and deductions for employee benefits. These deductions are typically managed in accordance with government regulations and employment contracts.

Payroll Taxes are taxes that employers are required to withhold or pay on behalf of their employees, based on the wage or salary of the employee. These include Social Security and Medicare taxes (also known as FICA), federal and state income taxes, and unemployment taxes. Payroll taxes contribute significantly to the revenue of federal, state, and local governments.

Self-Employed Health Insurance Deduction is a tax benefit that allows self-employed individuals to deduct premiums paid for medical, dental, and qualifying long-term care insurance coverage for themselves, their spouse, and dependents. This deduction is calculated on Form 1040 and can significantly lower a self-employed person's adjustable gross income. However, it's only available if they are not eligible to participate in a health plan from an employer or their spouse's employer.

Self-Employment tax is a tax that one must pay if he/she runs his/her own business as a sole proprietorship, as an independent contractor, as a member of a partnership, or as a member of a limited liability company that does not elect to be treated as a corporation. This tax typically goes toward social security and Medicare contributions. The rate is determined by the individual's net profit from his/her business.

The Social Security Administration (SSA) is a U.S. government agency that manages social insurance programs, including Social Security retirement, disability, and survivor benefits. It was established in 1935 as part of President Franklin Delano Roosevelt's New Deal initiative. The SSA is tasked with administering benefits to around 64 million Americans, making it one of the largest government agencies.

The Social Security Tax is a U.S. federal tax that funds the Social Security program, which provides benefits for retired individuals, the disabled, and their dependents. This tax is levied on employers, employees, and self-employed individuals, and it's proportionate to earnings with a cap in place that gets revised annually. It's part of the payroll taxes and is collected by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS).

Work-Life Balance refers to the equilibrium between professional responsibilities and personal life activities or leisure time. It's about striking a balance between work demands, such as work schedules, workload, and pace, and personal life including leisure activities, family time, and personal interests. Maintaining a good work-life balance is critical to reduce stress, enhance job satisfaction, and improve overall wellbeing.